Which of the following is NOT a PBM category of stress effects?

Which of the following is NOT a PBM category of stress effects?

• A. Physiological
• B. Behavioral
• C. Mental
• D. Spiritual

Answer: (D)

PBM categorizes stress effects into three domains: physiological, behavioral, and mental. Stress can manifest physically (like faster heartbeat, sweating, fatigue), in actions or habits (such as sleep disruption, irritability, avoidance), and in thoughts and emotions (including anxiety, trouble concentrating, mood changes). Spiritual effects aren’t listed as a direct PBM category; while spirituality can influence how a person copes with stress, it’s not one of the standard PBM domains of stress effects. So, the option describing Spiritual is not a PBM category of stress effects.

PBM categorizes stress effects into three domains: physiological, behavioral, and mental. Stress can manifest physically (like faster heartbeat, sweating, fatigue), in actions or habits (such as sleep disruption, irritability, avoidance), and in thoughts and emotions (including anxiety, trouble concentrating, mood changes). Spiritual effects aren’t listed as a direct PBM category; while spirituality can influence how a person copes with stress, it’s not one of the standard PBM domains of stress effects. So, the option describing Spiritual is not a PBM category of stress effects.